{"id":1416,"date":"2017-09-21T11:28:04","date_gmt":"2017-09-21T03:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/?p=1416"},"modified":"2017-09-21T11:28:04","modified_gmt":"2017-09-21T03:28:04","slug":"facebook%e9%92%88%e5%af%b9hbase%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/?p=1416","title":{"rendered":"Facebook\u9488\u5bf9hbase\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528hbase\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u9488\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548cgc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14hbase\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728Hdfs\uff0c\u800cHdfs\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6d41\u5931\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6765\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0bFacebook Message\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728HBase online storage\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publications\/131903156998636\/\">Apache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook<\/a>\u300b, SIGMOD 2011\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u9886\u57df\u9876\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8baeFAST2014\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publications\/1396241333966970\/\">Analysis of HDFS Under HBase: A Facebook Messages Case Study<\/a>\u300b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528HBase\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u9996\u5148\u8bb2\u4e86Facebook\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ectracing\/analysis\/simulation\uff0cFM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u7b49\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6790FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/7e05f2a60f826648e732fb0de6eeb88b9a41ed00.png\" alt=\"7e05f2a60f826648e732fb0de6eeb88b9a41ed00\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" \/><\/p>\n<div><b><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfb\u5199I\/O\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<p>Figure 2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684I\/O\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5728FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5916\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8elogging\/compaction\/replication\/caching\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HBase\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u662fDB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3001FS\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3002DB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3b\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u662fput()\u548cget()\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8981\u5199\u5230HDFS\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd499\/1\uff08Figure 2\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8eDB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u4f1a\u505alogging\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u505acompaction\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5199\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08overheads\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e4b\u540e\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u4e3a79\/21\uff08Figure 2\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528put()\u64cd\u4f5c\u5411HBase\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u5199\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58Memstore\u7136\u540eflush\u5230HFile\/HDFS\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u901a\u8fc7logging\u76f4\u63a5\u5199HLog\/HDFS\u3002Memstore\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u624d\u4f1a\u5199HFile\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5199HLog\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u65f6append record\u5bfc\u81f4\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/issues.apache.org\/jira\/browse\/HBASE-8155\">HBASE-8155<\/a>\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u653e\u59274\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5c0f\u7684HFile\u5230\u5185\u5b58merge-sorting\u6210\u5927\u7684HFile\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u52a0\u901fHBase\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u653e\u592717\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8617\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5927\u9644\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u5728HBase\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728FM\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u8981\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5compaction\u7b56\u7565\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002<br \/>\nHBase\u7684\u6570\u636ereliable\u662f\u9760HDFS\u5c42\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u5373HDFS\u7684\u4e09\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9HDFS\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e09\u500d\u7684local file I\/O\u548c\u4e24\u500d\u7684\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u4e2d\u8861\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u53d8\u6210\u4e8655\/45\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u672c\u5730OS\u7684cache\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u4e8ecache miss\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684I\/O\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u53d8\u6210\u4e8636\/64\uff0c\u5199\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5927\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u53e6\u5916Figure 3\u4eceI\/O\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684I\/O\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u7ec8\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684cold data\uff08\u53602\/3\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301hot\/cold\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/7e05f2a60f826648e732fb0de6eeb88b9a41ed00.png\" alt=\"7e05f2a60f826648e732fb0de6eeb88b9a41ed00\" width=\"600\" height=\"478\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cHBase stack\u7684logging\/compaction\/replication\/caching\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u5199I\/O\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684HBase\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5730\u5c42\u5b9e\u9645\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u4e2d\u5199\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/40f2cdd5037aa74c7f96f02cada56e3ca247f708.png\" alt=\"40f2cdd5037aa74c7f96f02cada56e3ca247f708\" width=\"600\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<div>FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982Table 2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7eaf\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728HBase\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aRegionServer\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2aHFile\u6587\u4ef6\u3002FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67098\u4e2acolumn family\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5cache all writes\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5927\uff08Figure 4\uff09\u3002<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/ea019d03c555e91a66960da7f61b9426d4a96444.png\" alt=\"ea019d03c555e91a66960da7f61b9426d4a96444\" width=\"600\" height=\"220\" \/><\/div>\n<p align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c90%\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e15M\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u62c9\u9ad8column family\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982MessageMeta\u8fd9\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u662f293M\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206FM\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728large,long-lived files\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u5374\u662fsmall, short-lived\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9HDFS\u7684NameNode\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aHDFS\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u5c11\u91cf\u3001\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u51c6\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728NameNode\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6709NameNode federation\u3002<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981I\/O\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecetemporal locality, spatial locality, sequentiality\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u3002<br \/>\n73.7%\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1.1%\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u81f3\u5c1164\u6b21\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u89e6\u53d1I\/O\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u670919%\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206I\/O\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u70ed\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728HDFS\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\uff0cFM\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fasequentiality\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660ehigh-bandwidth, high-latency\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51faspatial locality\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4I\/O\u9884\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5565\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><strong>1. Flash\/SSD\u4f5c\u4e3acache\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/095d39b45168460de2f41581e4f271d96eb56e94.png\" alt=\"095d39b45168460de2f41581e4f271d96eb56e94\" width=\"600\" height=\"418\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u8003\u8651\u600e\u4e48\u67b6\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u901f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u3002\u76ee\u524dFacebook\u7684HBase\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u4e2aNode\u630215\u5757100MB\/s\u5e26\u5bbd\u300110ms\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u3002Figure 9\u8868\u660e\uff1aa)\u589e\u52a0\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u6570\u6709\u70b9\u7528\uff1bb)\u589e\u52a0\u78c1\u76d8\u5e26\u5bbd\u6ca1\u5565\u5927\u7528\uff1bc)\u964d\u4f4e\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u7531\u4e8e\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684cache\u80fd\u591f\u628a80%\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u62e6\u622a\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u7684hot data\u9700\u8981\u88abcache\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u62ff\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u505acache\u5462\uff1fFigure 11\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684Flash\u505a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\uff0ccache\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6cache\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u8ddf\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<br \/>\n\u6ce8\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u62ffFlash\/SSD\u505acache\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003HBase BucketBlockCache(<a href=\"https:\/\/issues.apache.org\/jira\/browse\/HBASE-7404\">HBASE-7404<\/a>)<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/17b348cd8343d187910d175838ec68caaae9dc22.png\" alt=\"17b348cd8343d187910d175838ec68caaae9dc22\" width=\"600\" height=\"494\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5bb6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u5fc3Flash\/SSD\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u548cFlash\u4e2dshuffling\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6700\u70ed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u8bfb\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4eFlash\u7684\u5bff\u547d,\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<br \/>\n\u8bf4\u5b8c\u52a0\u901f\u8bfb\u7684cache\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86Flash\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5199buffer\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u7531\u4e8eHDFS\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u88abDataNode\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u53f0DataNode\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eceDataNode\u7684\u5185\u5b58flush\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e09\u4e2aDataNode\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62ffFlash\u505a\u5199buffer\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u52a0\u5199buffer\u4f1a\u4f7f\u540e\u53f0\u7684compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u964d\u4f4e\u4ed6\u4e0e\u524d\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7684I\/O\u4e89\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5f88\u5927\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u62ffFlash\u505a\u5199buffer\u6ca1\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u6808\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165Flash\u505a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u8fbe3\u500d\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a05%\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>2.\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/c51484c944de4521dece47cfd616da656a8fe54a.png\" alt=\"c51484c944de4521dece47cfd616da656a8fe54a\" width=\"600\" height=\"460\" \/><\/div>\n<p align=\"left\">\u5982Figure 16\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1adb layer\/replication layer\/local layer\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u6d01\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982db layer\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406DB\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662favailable\u548creliable\u7684\u3002<br \/>\nHBase\u662f\u56fe\u4e2da)\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5197\u4f59replication\u7531HDFS\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5982compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u4e09\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5185\u5b58merge-sorting\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aRS\/DN\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6RS\/DN\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93I\/O\u3002<br \/>\n\u56fe\u4e2db)\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u628areplication\u5c42\u653e\u5230\u4e86DB\u5c42\u7684\u4e0a\u9762\uff0cFacebook\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fSalus\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3aCassandra\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662fDB\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5e95\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684DB\u5c42\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u592a\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u56fe\u4e2dc)\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u662f\u5728a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\uff0cSpark\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u3002HBase\u7684compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6210join\u548csort\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2aRDD\u53d8\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/f43f47a9afb7a6fc49c810e9144e9b88af618793.png\" alt=\"f43f47a9afb7a6fc49c810e9144e9b88af618793\" width=\"600\" height=\"446\" \/><\/div>\n<div>Figure 17\u5c55\u793a\u4e86local compaction\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfbI\/O\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8bfbcache\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684I\/O\u74f6\u9888\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982MapReduce Job\u4e2dData Shuffle\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/dcswitch.sysnet.ucsd.edu\/\">\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u8fed\u6208\u5206\u6821(UCSD)<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/data-center-networking-at-msra\/\">\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662(MSRA)<\/a>\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u9876\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8baeSIGCOMM\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6539\u52a8\u4f24\u7b4b\u52a8\u9aa8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yqfile.alicdn.com\/d1dc231e39134be01ad3dfafe7d28161efcabbc9.png\" alt=\"d1dc231e39134be01ad3dfafe7d28161efcabbc9\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" \/><\/div>\n<div>Figure 19\u5c55\u793a\u4e86combined logging\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u73b0\u5728HBase\u7684\u591a\u4e2aRS\u4f1a\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aDataNode\u53d1\u9001\u5199log\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524dDataNode\u7aef\u4f1a\u628a\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2aRS\u7684log\u5206\u522b\u5199\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\/\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5DataNode\u78c1\u76d8seek\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u591a\uff08\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u987a\u5e8fI\/O\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u673aI\/O\uff09\u3002Combined logging\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540cRS\u7684log\u5199\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u628aDataNode\u7684\u968f\u673aI\/O\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u987a\u5e8fI\/O\u3002<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528hbase\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u9488\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548cgc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14hbase\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728Hdfs\uff0c\u800cHdfs\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6d41\u5931\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6765\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0bFacebook Message\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728HBase online storage\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u300aApache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook\u300b, SIGMOD 2011\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u9886\u57df\u9876\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8baeFAST2014\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300aAnalysis of HDFS Under HBase: A Facebook Messages Case Study\u300b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528HBase\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u9996\u5148\u8bb2\u4e86Facebook\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ectracing\/analysis\/simulation\uff0cFM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u7b49\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6790FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfb\u5199I\/O\u8d1f\u8f7d Figure 2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684I\/O\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5728FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5916\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8elogging\/compaction\/replication\/caching\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u653e\u5927\u3002 HBase\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u662fDB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3001FS\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3002DB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3b\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u662fput()\u548cget()\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8981\u5199\u5230HDFS\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd499\/1\uff08Figure 2\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff09\u3002 \u7531\u4e8eDB\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u4f1a\u505alogging\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u505acompaction\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5199\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08overheads\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e4b\u540e\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u4e3a79\/21\uff08Figure 2\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\uff09\u3002 \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528put()\u64cd\u4f5c\u5411HBase\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u5199\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58Memstore\u7136\u540eflush\u5230HFile\/HDFS\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u901a\u8fc7logging\u76f4\u63a5\u5199HLog\/HDFS\u3002Memstore\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u624d\u4f1a\u5199HFile\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5199HLog\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u65f6append record\u5bfc\u81f4\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\uff08HBASE-8155\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u653e\u59274\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5c0f\u7684HFile\u5230\u5185\u5b58merge-sorting\u6210\u5927\u7684HFile\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u52a0\u901fHBase\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Compaction\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5199\u88ab\u653e\u592717\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8617\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5927\u9644\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u5728HBase\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728FM\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u8981\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5compaction\u7b56\u7565\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002 HBase\u7684\u6570\u636ereliable\u662f\u9760HDFS\u5c42\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u5373HDFS\u7684\u4e09\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9HDFS\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e09\u500d\u7684local file I\/O\u548c\u4e24\u500d\u7684\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u4e2d\u8861\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u53d8\u6210\u4e8655\/45\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u672c\u5730OS\u7684cache\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u4e8ecache miss\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684I\/O\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u53d8\u6210\u4e8636\/64\uff0c\u5199\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5927\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u53e6\u5916Figure 3\u4eceI\/O\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684I\/O\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u7ec8\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684cold data\uff08\u53602\/3\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301hot\/cold\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u50a8\u3002 \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cHBase stack\u7684logging\/compaction\/replication\/caching\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u5199I\/O\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684HBase\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5730\u5c42\u5b9e\u9645\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u4e2d\u5199\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002 FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u00a0\u00a0 FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982Table 2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7eaf\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728HBase\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aRegionServer\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2aHFile\u6587\u4ef6\u3002FM\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67098\u4e2acolumn family\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5cache all writes\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5927\uff08Figure 4\uff09\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c90%\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e15M\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u62c9\u9ad8column family\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982MessageMeta\u8fd9\u4e2acolumn family\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u662f293M\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206FM\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728large,long-lived files\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u5374\u662fsmall, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/?p=1416\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Facebook\u9488\u5bf9hbase\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,11,20],"tags":[48,222],"class_list":["post-1416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-11","category-20","tag-hadoop","tag-hbase"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1416"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1417,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1416\/revisions\/1417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}