oracle\u91cc\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4
\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406 <\/P>
\n
1.forcing log switches
sql> alter system switch logfile;<\/P>
\n
2.forcing checkpoints
sql> alter system checkpoint; <\/P>
\n
3.adding online redo log groups
sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]
sql> (‘\/disk3\/log4a.rdo’,’\/disk4\/log4b.rdo’) size 1m; <\/P>
\n
4.adding online redo log members
sql> alter database add logfile member
sql> ‘\/disk3\/log1b.rdo’ to group 1,
sql> ‘\/disk4\/log2b.rdo’ to group 2; <\/P>
\n
5.changes the name of the online redo logfile
sql> alter database rename file ‘c:\/oracle\/oradata\/oradb\/redo01.log’
sql> to ‘c:\/oracle\/oradata\/redo01.log’; <\/P>
\n
6.drop online redo log groups
sql> alter database drop logfile group 3; <\/P>
\n
7.drop online redo log members
sql> alter database drop logfile member ‘c:\/oracle\/oradata\/redo01.log’; <\/P>
\n
8.clearing online redo log files
sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile ‘c:\/oracle\/log2a.rdo’; <\/P>
\n
9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles <\/P>
\n
a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ‘ ‘
b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(‘oradb.ora’,’c:\\oracle\\oradb\\log’);
c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\oradb\\redo01.log’,
sql> dbms_logmnr.new);
d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\oradb\\redo02.log’,
sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);
e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>’c:\\oracle\\oradb\\log\\oradb.ora’);
f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters
sql> v$logmnr_logs);
g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr; <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406
1.create tablespaces
sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\file1.dbf’ size 100m,
sql> ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\file2.dbf’ size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging\/nologging]
sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)
sql> [online\/offline] [permanent\/temporary] [extent_management_clause] <\/P>
\n
2.locally managed tablespace
sql> create tablespace user_data datafile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\user_data01.dbf’
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; <\/P>
\n
3.temporary tablespace
sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\temp01.dbf’
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; <\/P>
\n
4.change the storage setting
sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;
sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); <\/P>
\n
5.taking tablespace offline or online
sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;
sql> alter tablespace app_data online; <\/P>
\n
6.read_only tablespace
sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write; <\/P>
\n
7.droping tablespace
sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents; <\/P>
\n
8.enableing automatic extension of data files
sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\app_data01.dbf’ size 200m
sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; <\/P>
\n
9.change the size fo data files manually
sql> alter database datafile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\app_data.dbf’ resize 200m; <\/P>
\n
10.Moving data files: alter tablespace
sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\app_data.dbf’
sql> to ‘c:\\oracle\\app_data.dbf’; <\/P>
\n
11.moving data files:alter database
sql> alter database rename file ‘c:\\oracle\\oradata\\app_data.dbf’
sql> to ‘c:\\oracle\\app_data.dbf’; <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u8868 <\/P>
\n
1.create a table
sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]….)
sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]
sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]
sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)
sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache] <\/P>
\n
2.copy an existing table
sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery <\/P>
\n
3.create temporary table
sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;
on commit preserve rows\/on commit delete rows <\/P>
\n
4.pctfree = (average row size – initial row size) *100 \/average row size
pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100\/available data space) <\/P>
\n
5.change storage and block utilization parameter
sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k
sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100); <\/P>
\n
6.manually allocating extents
sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile ‘c:\/oracle\/data.dbf’); <\/P>
\n
7.move tablespace
sql> alter table employee move tablespace users; <\/P>
\n
8.deallocate of unused space
sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer] <\/P>
\n
9.truncate a table
sql> truncate table table_name; <\/P>
\n
10.drop a table
sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints]; <\/P>
\n
11.drop a column
sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;
alter table table_name drop columns continue; <\/P>
\n
12.mark a column as unused
sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;
alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000
data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs<\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15 <\/P>
\n
1.creating function-based indexes
sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); <\/P>
\n
2.create a B-tree index
sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc\/desc) tablespace
sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]
sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0
sql> maxextents 50); <\/P>
\n
3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100\/maximum number of rows <\/P>
\n
4.creating reverse key indexes
sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k
sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <\/P>
\n
5.create bitmap index
sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k
sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <\/P>
\n
6.change storage parameter of index
sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); <\/P>
\n
7.allocating index space
sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile ‘c:\/oracle\/index.dbf’); <\/P>
\n
8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused; <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ea6\u675f <\/P>
\n
1.define constraints as immediate or deferred
sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate\/deferred\/default;
set constraint[s] constraint_name\/all immediate\/deferred; <\/P>
\n
2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints
sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints <\/P>
\n
3. define constraints while create a table
sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable
sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);
primary key\/unique\/references table(column)\/check <\/P>
\n
4.enable constraints
sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; <\/P>
\n
5.enable constraints
sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id; <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1aLOAD\u6570\u636e <\/P>
\n
1.loading data using direct_load insert
sql> insert \/*+append *\/ into emp nologging
sql> select * from emp_old; <\/P>
\n
2.parallel direct-load insert
sql> alter session enable parallel dml;
sql> insert \/*+parallel(emp,2) *\/ into emp nologging
sql> select * from emp_old; <\/P>
\n
3.using sql*loader
sql> sqlldr scott\/tiger \\
sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \\
sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1areorganizing data <\/P>
\n
1.using expoty
$exp scott\/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y <\/P>
\n
2.using import
$imp scott\/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y <\/P>
\n
3.transporting a tablespace
sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only;
$exp sys\/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts
triggers=n constraints=n
$copy datafile
$imp sys\/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(\/disk1\/sles01.dbf,\/disk2
\/sles02.dbf)
sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write; <\/P>
\n
4.checking transport set
sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>’sales_ts’ ..,incl_constraints=>true);
\u5728\u8868transport_set_violations \u4e2d\u67e5\u770b
sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained \u4e3atrue \u662f\uff0c \u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5305\u542b <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff1a managing password security and resources <\/P>
\n
1.controlling account lock and password
sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; <\/P>
\n
2.user_provided password function
sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30),
old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean <\/P>
\n
3.create a profile : password setting
sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3
sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30
sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function
sql> password_grace_time 5; <\/P>
\n
4.altering a profile
sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3
sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; <\/P>
\n
5.drop a profile
sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade]; <\/P>
\n
6.create a profile : resource limit
sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2
sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; <\/P>
\n
7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost
dba_Users,dba_profiles <\/P>
\n
8. enable resource limits
sql> alter system set resource_limit=true; <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1aManaging users <\/P>
\n
1.create a user: database authentication
sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users
sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire
sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default]; <\/P>
\n
2.change user quota on tablespace
sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users; <\/P>
\n
3.drop a user
sql> drop user juncky [cascade]; <\/P>
\n
4. monitor user
view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas<\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1amanaging privileges <\/P>
\n
1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs <\/P>
\n
2.grant system privilege
sql> grant create session,create table to managers;
sql> grant create session to scott with admin option;
with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; <\/P>
\n
3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:
sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile,
alter tablespace begin\/end backup,recover database
alter database archivelog,restricted session
sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until <\/P>
\n
4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users <\/P>
\n
5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema <\/P>
\n
6.revoke system privilege
sql> revoke create table from karen;
sql> revoke create session from scott; <\/P>
\n
7.grant object privilege
sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public;
sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option; <\/P>
\n
8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs <\/P>
\n
9.revoke object privilege
sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints]; <\/P>
\n
10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$ <\/P>
\n
11. protecting the audit trail
sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access; <\/P>
\n
12.statement auditing
sql> audit user; <\/P>
\n
13.privilege auditing
sql> audit select any table by summit by access; <\/P>
\n
14.schema object auditing
sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful; <\/P>
\n
15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts <\/P>
\n
16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a manager role <\/P>
\n
1.create roles
sql> create role sales_clerk;
sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;
sql> create role hr_manager identified externally; <\/P>
\n
2.modify role
sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally;
sql> alter role hr_manager not identified; <\/P>
\n
3.assigning roles
sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;
sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;
sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option; <\/P>
\n
4.establish default role
sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role all;
sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk;
sql> alter user scott default role none; <\/P>
\n
5.enable and disable roles
sql> set role hr_clerk;
sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission;
sql> set role all except sales_clerk;
sql> set role none; <\/P>
\n
6.remove role from user
sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;
sql> revoke hr_manager from public; <\/P>
\n
7.remove role
sql> drop role hr_manager; <\/P>
\n
8.display role information
view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles <\/P>
\n
\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0: BACKUP and RECOVERY <\/P>
\n
1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat <\/P>
\n
2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size <\/P>
\n
3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback
> v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions <\/P>
\n
4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog)
> shutdown immediate
> cp files \/backup\/
> startup <\/P>
\n
5.restore to a different location
> connect system\/manager as sysdba
> startup mount
> alter database rename file ‘\/disk1\/..\/user.dbf’ to ‘\/disk2\/..\/user.dbf’;
> alter database open; <\/P>
\n
6.recover syntax
–recover a mounted database
>recover database;
>recover datafile ‘\/disk1\/data\/df2.dbf’;
>alter database recover database;
–recover an opened database
>recover tablespace user_data;
>recover datafile 2;
>alter database recover datafile 2; <\/P>
\n
7.how to apply redo log files automatically
>set autorecovery on
>recover automatic datafile 4; <\/P>
\n
8.complete recovery:
–method 1(mounted databae)
>copy c:\\backup\\user.dbf c:\\oradata\\user.dbf
>startup mount
>recover datafile ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf;
>alter database open;
–method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)
>copy c:\\backup\\user.dbf c:\\oradata\\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline)
>recover datafile ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ or
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter database datafile ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ online or
>alter tablespace user_data online;
–method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile)
>startup mount
>alter database datafile ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ offline;
>alter database open
>copy c:\\backup\\user.dbf d:\\oradata\\user.dbf
>alter database rename file ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ to ‘d:\\oradata\\user.dbf’
>recover datafile ‘e:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ or recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online;
–method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log)
>alter tablespace user_data offline immediate;
>alter database create datafile ‘d:\\oradata\\user.dbf’ as ‘c:\\oradata\\user.dbf”
>recover tablespace user_data;
>alter tablespace user_data online
5.perform an open database backup
> alter tablespace user_data begin backup;
> copy files \/backup\/
> alter database datafile ‘\/c:\/..\/data.dbf’ end backup;
> alter system switch logfile;
6.backup a control file
> alter database backup controlfile to ‘control1.bkp’;
> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
7.recovery (noarchivelog mode)
> shutdown abort
> cp files
> startup
8.recovery of file in backup mode
>alter database datafile 2 end backup; <\/P>
\n
9.clearing redo log file
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile; <\/P>
\n
10.redo log recovery
>alter database add logfile group 3 ‘c:\\oradata\\redo03.log’ size 1000k;
>alter database drop logfile group 1;
>alter database open;
or >cp c:\\oradata\\redo02.log’ c:\\oradata\\redo01.log
>alter database clear logfile ‘c:\\oradata\\log01.log’;<\/P>
\n
oracle\u91cc\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406 1.forcing log switches sql> alter system switch logfile; 2.forcing checkpoints sql> alter system checkpoint; 3.adding online redo log groups sql> alter database add logfile [group 4] sql> (‘\/disk3\/log4a.rdo’,’\/disk4\/log4b.rdo’) size 1m; 4.adding online redo log members sql> alter database add logfile member sql> ‘\/disk3\/log1b.rdo’ to group 1, sql> ‘\/disk4\/log2b.rdo’ to group 2; 5.changes the … Continue reading oracle\u91cc\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.strongd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}