What’s the difference between ESP32 and ESP8266? Should you use the ESP32 or the ESP8266 in your projects? In this article, we’ll compare the ESP32 with the ESP8266 and cover the pros and cons of each board.

The ESP32 and ESP8266 are cheap Wi-Fi modules perfectly suited for DIY projects in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Home Automation fields.

Both chips have a 32-bit processor. The ESP32 is a dual-core 160MHz to 240MHz CPU, whereas the ESP8266 is a single-core processor that runs at 80MHz.

These modules come with GPIOs that support various protocols like SPI, I2C, UART, ADC, DAC, and PWM. The best part is that these boards come with wireless networking included, which makes them apart from other microcontrollers like the Arduino. This means that you can easily control and monitor devices remotely via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth (in the case of ESP32) for a very low price.

Alternatively, if you don’t need to use its wireless capabilities, you can use the ESP32/ESP8266 to control inputs and outputs as you would do with an Arduino. However, you should take into account that whereas the Arduino works with 5V logic, the ESP32 and ESP8266 work at 3.3V.

Specifications: ESP32 vs ESP8266

The ESP32 is the ESP8266 successor. It adds an extra CPU core, faster Wi-Fi, more GPIOs, and supports Bluetooth 4.2 and Bluetooth low energy. Additionally, the ESP32 comes with touch-sensitive pins that can be used to wake up the ESP32 from deep sleep, a built-in hall effect sensor, and a built-in temperature sensor (recent versions of the ESP32 don’t come with a built-in temperature sensor anymore).

Both boards are cheap, but the ESP32 costs slightly more. While the ESP32 can cost around $6 to $12, the ESP8266 can cost $4 to $6 (but it really depends on where you get them and what model you’re buying).

The following table shows the main differences between the ESP8266 and the ESP32 chips (table adapted from AMICA_IO).

	ESP8266	ESP32

MCU	Xtensa Single-core 32-bit L106	Xtensa Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 with 600 DMIPS
802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi	HT20	HT40
Bluetooth	X	Bluetooth 4.2 and BLE
Typical Frequency	80 MHz	160 MHz
SRAM	X	✓
Flash	X	✓
GPIO	17	34
Hardware /Software PWM	None / 8 channels	None / 16 channels
SPI/I2C/I2S/UART	2/1/2/2	4/2/2/2
ADC	10-bit	12-bit
CAN	X	✓
Ethernet MAC Interface	X	✓
Touch Sensor	X	✓
Temperature Sensor	X	✓(old versions)
Hall effect sensor	X	✓
Working Temperature	-40ºC to 125ºC	-40ºC to 125ºC
Price	$ (3$ – $6)	$$ ($6 – $12)
Where to buy	Best ESP8266 Wi-Fi Development Boards	ESP32 Development Boards Review and Comparison

Using ESP32 or ESP8266 bare chips is not easy or practical, especially when testing and prototyping. Most of the time, you’ll want to use ESP32 and ESP8266 development boards. These boards come with all the needed circuitry to power the chip, connect it to your computer, a circuit to upload code easily, pins to connect peripherals, built-in power and control LEDs, and other useful features.

The ESP32 and ESP8266 development boards we use more often are the ESP32 DEVKIT DOIT Development board and the ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMCU Kit and these are the ones we recommend for beginners. However, there are many other models of development boards that you can choose from. We recommend that you read the following guides:

More GPIOs on the ESP32

The ESP32 has more GPIOs than the ESP8266, and you can decide which pins are UART, I2C, SPI—you need to set that on the code. This is possible due to the ESP32 chip’s multiplexing feature that allows you to assign multiple functions to the same pin.

If you don’t set them on the code, they will be on the pins defined by default, as shown in the following figure (this is an example for the ESP32 DEVKIT V1 DOIT board (version with 36 GPIOS)—the pin location can change depending on the manufacturer).

To learn more about the ESP32 GPIOs and how to use them, read:

ESP32 Pinout Reference: Which GPIO pins should you use?

For means of comparison, here’s the pinout diagram for the ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMCU Kit.

To learn more about the ESP8266 GPIOs and how to use them, read:

ESP8266 Pinout Reference: Which GPIO pins should you use?

PWM, ADC, and More

You can set PWM signals in any GPIO with configurable frequencies and duty cycle set on the code.

When it comes to the analog pins, these are static, but the ESP32 supports measurements on 18 channels (analog-enabled pins) versus just one 10-bit ADC pin on the ESP8266. The ESP32 also supports two 8-bit DAC channels.

Moreover, the ESP32 contains 10 capacitive sensing GPIOs, that detect touch and can be used to trigger events, or wake-up the ESP32 from deep sleep, for example.

The ESP32 supports Bluetooth communication protocol by default, while the ESP8266 doesn’t.

Arduino IDE – ESP32 vs ESP8266

There are many ways to program the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards. Both boards can be programmed with the Arduino core using the Arduino IDE or other IDEs (like VS Code with the PlatformIO extension).

These are good news, especially for those used to program the Arduino board and are familiar with the Arduino “programming language”.

Getting started with the ESP32 or ESP8266 using Arduino IDE and have your first project running is very simple. You can follow these guides:

Although you can program both boards using Arduino IDE, they might not be compatible with the same libraries and functions. Some libraries are just compatible with one of the boards. This means that most of the time, your ESP8266 code will not be compatible with the ESP32. However, usually, you need to make a few modifications.

We have a dedicated list of free tutorials and projects for the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards using the Arduino IDE that you might found useful:

MicroPython Firwmare – ESP32 vs ESP8266

Another popular way of programming the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards is using MicroPython firmware.

MicroPython is a re-implementation of Python 3 targeted for microcontrollers and embedded systems. MicroPython is very similar with regular Python. So, if you already know how to program in Python, you also know how to program in MicroPython.

In MicroPython, most Python scripts are compatible with both boards (unlike when using Arduino IDE). This means that most of the time, you can use the same script for ESP32 and ESP8266.

You can get started with MicroPython firmware on the ESP32 and ESP8266 very quickly by following our free guides:

We also have a list of free projects using MicroPython with the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards:

MicroPython Projects/Tutorials with ESP32/ESP8266

Need Resources to Get Started?

If you want to get started with the ESP32 or ESP8266, you can take a look at our courses and projects:

Learn ESP32 with Arduino IDE
Home Automation Using ESP8266
MicroPython Programming with ESP32 and ESP8266
Free projects for: ESP32 or ESP8266 or MicropPython

ESP32 or ESP8266?

So, at this point you may be wondering: Should I get an ESP8266 or an ESP32?

It really depends on what you want to do. There is space for both boards, and both have pros and cons.

The ESP8266 is cheaper than the ESP32. Although it doesn’t have as many functionalities, it works just fine for most simple DIY IoT projects. However, it has some limitations in the GPIO mapping, and it might not have enough pins for what you intend to do. If that’s the case, you should get an ESP32.

The ESP32 is much more powerful than the ESP8266, comes with more GPIOs with multiple functions, faster Wi-Fi, and supports Bluetooth. However, many people think that the ESP32 is more difficult to deal with than the ESP8266 because it is more complex. On the contrary, in our opinion, it is as easy to program the ESP32 as the ESP8266, especially if you intend to program it using the “Arduino language” or MicroPython.

The ESP32 has some cons too. The ESP32 is more expensive than the ESP8266. So, if you’re building a simple IoT project, the ESP8266 might do the trick for a lower price. Additionally, because the ESP8266 is “older” than the ESP32, some libraries and features are better developed for the ESP8266, and you’ll find more resources (forums, people with the same issues, and how to solve them, etc.). However, as time goes by, the ESP32 is being widely adopted, and these differences in terms of development and libraries won’t be noticeable.

My personal experience: in 2021, I use almost exclusively the ESP32 for IoT projects. It is more versatile, and it comes with much more functionalities like Bluetooth, different wake-up sources, many peripherals, and much more. Additionally, the price difference is not a big deal, in my opinion. Once you move to the ESP32, you won’t want to go back to the ESP8266.

Wrapping Up

We hope you’ve found our analysis ESP32 vs ESP8266 useful.

Just to wrap up the main differences between the ESP32 and ESP8266:

The ESP32 is faster than the ESP8266;
The ESP32 comes with more GPIOs with multiple functions;
The ESP32 supports analog measurements on 18 channels (analog-enabled pins) versus just one 10-bit ADC pin on the ESP8266;
The ESP32 supports Bluetooth while the ESP8266 doesn’t;
The ESP32 is dual-core, and the ESP8266 is single core;
The ESP8266 is cheaper than the ESP32;
The ESP8266 has a wider community (although we don’t think that at this point, the difference is that relevant);
For many IoT and Wi-Fi projects, the ESP8266 can do the job for a lower price;
Both boards can be programmed with the Arduino core using Arduino IDE or other supported IDEs.
Both boards support MicroPython firmware.

You might like reading the following ESP8266 and ESP32 related articles to have an idea of the selection of the most popular ESP32 and ESP8266 development boards:

So, if you’re a beginner, should you get started with the ESP32 or the ESP8266? At this point, we definitely recommend getting started with the ESP32 instead of the ESP8266. However, if you already have an ESP8266 board, you can get started with that board and then make the shift to the ESP32.

We have a vast selection of projects with these boards in the Random Nerd Tutorials blog to help you get started:

Thanks for reading.

The Analog Joystick is similar to two potentiometers connected together, one for the vertical movement (Y-axis) and other for the horizontal movement (X-axis). The joystick also comes with a Select switch. It can be very handy for retro gaming, robot control or RC cars. So let’s understand how it works!

Basics

The Arduino Uno or any other Arduino board that uses Atmega328 as the Microcontroller has ADC resolution of 10 bits. Hence the values on each analog channel can vary from 0 to 1023. Now connecting the VRx to A0 and VRy to A1 analog inputs respectively should show values as shown in the image below.

The home position for the stick is at ( x,y:511,511). If the stick is moved on X axis from one end to the other, the X values will change from 0 to 1023 and similar thing happens when moved along the Y axis. On the same lines you can read position of the stick anywhere in upper half hemisphere from combination of these values.

Hookup

So let’s print the values on the terminal so that we can verify the working!

Raw Sketch

#define joyX A0
#define joyY A1
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
xValue = analogRead(joyX);
yValue = analogRead(joyY);
//print the values with to plot or view
Serial.print(xValue);
Serial.print(“\t“);
Serial.println(yValue);
}

Mapping

It is usually not enough to read the analog values, you might want to map it to a display or any other interface. So let’s map these these values to a 8×8 led matrix. So that we can move the pixel with the joystick. You can easily change this to map to a graphic or a OLED display.

#include “LedControl.h”
#define joyX A0
#define joyY A1
int xMap, yMap, xValue, yValue;
LedControl lc=LedControl(12,11,10,1);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
lc.shutdown(0,false);
/* Set the brightness to a medium values */
lc.setIntensity(0,8);
/* and clear the display */
lc.clearDisplay(0);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
xValue = analogRead(joyX);
yValue = analogRead(joyY);
xMap = map(xValue, 0,1023, 0, 7);
yMap = map(yValue,0,1023,7,0);
lc.setLed(0,xMap,yMap,true);
lc.clearDisplay(0);
}

So as you see in the code above, the map() function can be used to map the ranges as you wish. Also notice that the Y axis map is inverted! So much to learn with a simple interface! Do checkout the retro ping-pong game built with the same setup.

int VRx = A0;
int VRy = A1;
int SW = 2;

int xPosition = 0;
int yPosition = 0;
int SW_state = 0;
int mapX = 0;
int mapY = 0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); 
  
  pinMode(VRx, INPUT);
  pinMode(VRy, INPUT);
  pinMode(SW, INPUT_PULLUP); 
  
}

void loop() {
  xPosition = analogRead(VRx);
  yPosition = analogRead(VRy);
  SW_state = digitalRead(SW);
  mapX = map(xPosition, 0, 1023, -512, 512);
  mapY = map(yPosition, 0, 1023, -512, 512);
  
  Serial.print("X: ");
  Serial.print(mapX);
  Serial.print(" | Y: ");
  Serial.print(mapY);
  Serial.print(" | Button: ");
  Serial.println(SW_state);

  delay(100);
  
}

Month: November 2022

ESP32 vs ESP8266 – Pros and Cons